Williams's Lark

Small, patchily distributed bird humid forests. Entirely rufous in most of its expansive range, but at the eastern end of its distribution in Brazil it is mostly sooty-colored with rufous wings. Long-tailed profile, terrestrial habits, and small black mask should clinch identification. Found near the ground inside lowland forest and in premontane forest in the tepui region, often around treefall gaps or other areas with dense understory. Often in pairs. Vocal; two-noted song often given in duet is distinctive in habitat.

The quintessential big black crow, without obvious field marks. Juvenile Rook has longer, more pointed bill with more extensive feathering on base. Smaller than Common Raven, which has longer, wedge-shaped tail, heavier bill, shaggy throat, and deeper voice. Ravens soar and glide readily, whereas crows typically flap continuously. Common in varied open and semi-open habitats from towns and farmland to open woodland and moorland. Found in pairs or small groups; large flocks only at roosts. Typically gives raucous caws.

Chunky bird with broad, triangular wings and short, decurved bill. Male dark gray above, dark orange-brown below, with dark gray face and throat and white eyebrow. Female similar in pattern but less richly colored. Whitish underwings contrast powerfully with dark underparts in flight. Often forages very high up in enormous flocks, sometimes mixed in with Masked Woodswallows.