Purplish Jacamar

A small, slim wheatear. Males striking: black wings contrast with a yellowish back and crown and a black mask through the eye. Throat can be white or black. Females have a more muted version of the male’s overall pattern. The tail has a complicated black-and-white pattern that is conspicuous in flight. Found in open habitats with scattered trees, including savanna, rocky mountain slopes, and barren pastures. Very similar to Eastern Black-eared Wheatear, but usually distinguished by more extensive and warmer yellow wash on the head, back, and breast. Also similar to Pied Wheatear, but male’s black face patch is not connected to the black wing, and female is warmer and browner than the grayish female Pied. Call is a dry, hoarse “chercher.” Song is a short jumble of primarily descending trills and harsher notes.

Male is unmistakable within its range: mostly jet black with bright yellow head. Female is mostly dark olive with brightest yellow concentrated on the upper breast. Stout pointed bill typical of a blackbird. Patchily distributed in northern South America, where is generally uncommon in marshy habitats, especially bordering lakes or rivers. Found in pairs or small flocks.

Small, pallid olive-gray warbler. Very similar to other Iduna and Acrocephalus species. Note its long and slender bill and faint pale wing panel (most prominent when plumage is fresh, sometimes not noticeable). Pumps its long tail continuously as it flits around in bushes and trees after small insects, a behavior which separates it from very similar Acrocephalus warblers. Found in open woodlands, riparian forest, as well as dry and semi-arid zones; strong connection with Tamarix bushes. Call is a dry and harsh “chack.” Song is a repeating scratchy sequence.