Short-toed Coucal

Striking tanager of open woodland, consisting of two relatively distinctive subspecies. Distinguished from other warbling-finches in range by its black breast band. Nominate torquatus is a resident of the southern Bolivian Andes, especially open scrub and cactus forest of the dry valleys. Migratory pectoralis shows a thicker breast band and darker undertail coverts, and breeds in the Pampas, Monte, and northern Chaco dry forests in north central Argentina, dispersing north to lowlands of W Paraguay and SE Bolivia.

Rotund terrestrial bird of hilly forests, usually seen singly. Male exquisitely colored: bright flame-orange overall, with white dots all over the body, black face, and electric blue facial wattle that is inflated into a liver-shaped, dazzling red-and-blue flap during courtship. Female similarly shaped and sized, dark brown overall, with pale spotting and streaking. Generally quiet; courting males give loud booming moans.

A chunky green resident of moist upland forests. No other native parrots occur within its range, but the Red-crowned Parrot, native to Mexico, is often kept in captivity and looks very similar. Compared to the Puerto Rican Parrot, the Red-crowned has more extensive red on the forehead, has a small red patch on its wings, and has gray, not pinkish-colored, legs and feet. Calls include a loud harsh “wee-uh.”