Rufous-sided Crake
Laterallus melanophaius
Often common, but usually hard to see. Best detected by voice, a very long explosive trill. The plumage is olive-brown above with rufous face and sides, and striking black-and-white bars on the flank and vent. Similar to Red-and-white Crake, which lacks the dark cap. Found in damp grasslands, extensive wetlands, and sometimes rank pastures.
Identification
The rufous-sided crake is 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in) long and weighs about 50 to 60 g (1.8 to 2.1 oz). The sexes are alike. Both subspecies' bills have a gray maxilla with a pea green cutting edge and a pale pea green mandible with a white tip. Their legs and feet are light gray brown to olive brown. The nominate subspecies has dark olive brown upperparts with a gray tinge around the eye. The face and sides of the breast are rufous to cinnamon rufous. The throat and center of the breast are white, the flanks and belly barred white and blackish brown, and the undertail coverts are dark cinnamon rufous. Subspecies L. m. oenops is similar to the nominate, but has paler upperparts and is rufous on the forecrown and around the eye.
Taxonomy
The rufous-sided crake has two subspecies, the nominate L. m. melanophaius and L. m. oenops. What is now the white-throated crake (L. albigularis) was for a time treated as a third subspecies.
- Scientific name
- Laterallus melanophaius
- Authority
- (Vieillot, 1819)
- Order
- Gruiformes
- Family
- Rallidae
- Genus
- Laterallus
Range and habitat
The nominate subspecies of rufous-sided crake has much the larger range of the two. It is found from coastal Venezuela east through the Guianas and separately from central and eastern Brazil south through eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay into northern Argentina. Subspecies L. m. oenops is found from southern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador into eastern Peru and east into western Brazil. The species primarily inhabits freshwater marshes and similar landscapes such as flooded pastures and the edges of ponds and oxbow lakes .
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The rufous-sided crake is not known to migrate.<p>The rufous-sided crake usually forages in dense grassy vegetation but also in the open close to cover. It forages in mud and vegetation for its primary diet of small arthropods; seeds and leaves are also eaten.<p>Only fragments are known about the rufous-sided crake's breeding biology. Its nesting season(s) are not known for most of its range but include September and October in Argentina. Its nest is a globe of leaves lined with leaf shreds, dry grass, and feathers. It is placed on or just above the ground and has a side entrance. The incubation period is about 20 days.<p>The rufous-sided crake's song is "a rubbery musical trill" much like those of other Laterallus crakes. Its calls include ""high-pitched tinkling calls[,] [a] short treeeeeng[, and] a harsh, descending djreer."
Conservation
- Population trend
- unknown
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Black-necked Eremomela
Eremomela atricollis
A small warbler-like bird with a distinctive black throat-bar, bill, and bandit’s face-mask, and yellow throat, crown and feet. Upperparts are gray-brown and underparts pale lemon. Sexes alike; immatures are duller. Pairs are uncommon residents in well-developed Miombo and other broadleaved woodland. Will join flocks, and often forages with Green-capped Eremomela, which lacks any black markings on the face and chest. Calls a fast grating “dzrrrt” repeated twice a second for 5-10 seconds at a time.
Visayan Pygmy-Babbler
Dasycrotapha pygmaea
A small bird of lowland and foothill forest and edge on Leyte and Samar, frequenting middle heights in the forest. Rufous-brown on the crown, back, wings, and tail, with a gray chest and a blackish throat and face, all with fine white streaking. Note white belly and orange eyes. Often joins mixed-species flocks and sometimes hangs upside down while feeding. Somewhat similar to Brown Tit-Babbler, but smaller, with a dark throat and chest streaked white. Voice includes a whistled “tweet! wee-too-wee-wit!
Spotted Scrubwren
Sericornis maculatus
Small scrubwren with white eyebrow and pale iris. Has a dark face with a clear white eyebrow and chin stripe. Primarily olive-brown with a black-and-white shoulder patch and paler front. Chin is white with fine black streaking on breast and upper belly. This species is found in southwestern Australia, across the southern coast, to its eastern-most location along Spencer Gulf just north of Adelaide. Found in a wide range of habitats but typically only present where there is reasonably thick undergrowth. It often makes a grumpy buzzing call but also sings a clear musical song. Formerly considered a subspecies of White-browed Scrubwren.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.