Black-winged Saltator

Beautifully-colored bulbul-sized bird which manages to vanish into the green foliage. Orange forehead is diagnostic. Unlike several other leafbird species, sexes are similar. Inhabits lowland and foothill forested areas, where it forages predominantly in the canopy. Often gathers at fruiting or flowering trees. Exuberant warbling song has a distinctly scratchy quality. Calls include a fluid-sounding double note and various cheeps and rasping notes.

Active small bird of humid tropical forest. Usually found singly, often moving with mixed-species feeding flocks. Clambers and climbs on small branches, twigs, and vines, mainly at middle to upper levels inside forest. Often hangs upside down like a chickadee. Note the bold white whisker mark, boldly patterned black-and-rusty wings and tail, and short, wedge-shaped bill. Where range overlaps with Streaked Xenops, note the much plainer plumage in Northern Plain. Song is a short, high, liquid trill.

Dark, medium-sized dove with a pale face. Shows paler gray corners of the tail in flight. Varies geographically; most eastern and southern African birds have rufous underparts, while western and central African birds are gray below. Shy understory species that is most often seen on the ground inside thick forest. Often not noticed until it noisily flies away. Call is a deep hoot, usually delivered in a slow series, though sometimes in a quick series. Similar to Delegorgue’s and Bronze-naped pigeons but inhabits the understory and has a pale face.