Fulvous Antshrike
Frederickena fulva
Large antbird found in lowland and foothill rainforest in the western Amazon basin. Male is black with very fine white barring all over. Female is brown with dense black barring on body; her tail is black with white bars. Both sexes have a crest which is often held flat. Almost identical in plumage to Undulated Antshrike, though female Fulvous is more heavily marked; the two are best separated by range and voice. Also similar to both Fasciated and Barred Antshrikes, but Fulvous is larger and darker; male has much finer white barring, and female has brown underparts with wavy black bars. Pairs skulk inside dense forest understory where they are very hard to see, and usually first detected by voice. Song is a rising series of ten or so loud, emphatic whistles. Also gives a short “falling bomb” squeal.
Identification
The fulvous antshrike is a large dark antbird, 22 to 25 cm (8.7 to 9.8 in) long and weighing 75 to 85 g (2.6 to 3.0 oz). The species exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, though both sexes have a crest, a brown to orange-yellow iris, a heavy black bill with a hook at the end like true shrikes, and black or dark gray legs and feet. Adult males are mostly black with irregular thin white bars everywhere but the throat. The bars on the face and crest are broken and appear as small spots. Adult females are mostly rich cinnamon with wavy black bars; their forehead and crest are darker cinnamon-rufous with black bars and their tail and uppertail coverts are black with thin gray bars.
Taxonomy
The fulvous antshrike's taxonomy is unresolved. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC), the International Ornithological Committee, and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a full species. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats the taxon as a subspecies of the undulated antshrike (F. unduliger). The fulvous antshrike is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Frederickena fulva
- Authority
- Zimmer, JT, 1944
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Thamnophilidae
- Genus
- Frederickena
Range and habitat
The fulvous antshrike is a bird of the far western Amazon Basin. It is found in southern Colombia's departments of Caquetá, Putumayo, and Amazonas; in the eastern half of Ecuador; and in northern Peru south at least to the Río Marañón and perhaps further to the rios Ucayali and Cushabatay.Though some maps show its range extending into far western Brazil, the SACC has no records from that country. Sightings are sparse except in northeastern Ecuador. It inhabits lowland evergreen forest such as terra firme. It greatly favors dense, viny, vegetation in the understorey, especially at openings such as those formed by fallen trees and along watercourses. In elevation it ranges up to about 700 m (2,300 ft) in most of its range but may reach 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in Peru.
Behavior
The fulvous antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The fulvous antshrike's diet has not been detailed but is assumed to include large insects and other arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs in dense foliage and vine tangles, mostly near the ground. It hops from branch to branch and reaches and hops to glean prey. It typically jerks its tail sideways while foraging. It occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks that pass through its territory, and there is only one record of it following an army ant swarm.<p>Only one study has been made of the fulvous antshrike's breeding biology. The only known nest was discovered in eastern Ecuador; it held two eggs that hatched in late June. They were pale creamy white with cinnamon and lavender markings. The nest was a large open cup woven mostly of rootlets and lined with some finer fibers; it was suspended between two parallel branches 1.6 m (5 ft) above the ground in a small sapling. Both parents incubated the eggs during the day and the female alone at night. Both parents provisioned the nestlings. The incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care are not known.<p>The fulvous antshrike's song is "a steadily repeated series of whistled notes, 'uué, uué, uué...' ". It has several calls. The most common is "a long...nasal, downward-inflected snarl variously expressed as churr, charrr, chakeeer, or mEw'urrr". Others are a "descending squeal described as peeeeeeh or peeeeeeyargh" and " a loud, repeated chee-chee-chee-chee-chee".
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Glittering-bellied Emerald
Chlorostilbon lucidus
Small green hummingbird found in a variety of open and semiopen habitats, such as forest edges, deserts, savannas, and gardens. Visits feeders. Iridescent green body with a forked dark blue tail and dark wings. Males have a black-tipped red bill with a blue throat, while females have a white belly, black mask, and a black bill with a red base.
Tawny Eagle
Aquila rapax
A medium-large, highly variable eagle that can range in overall color from whitish or creamy dull rufous to grayish-brown, and rarely dark brown. It has a moderately long gape line that stops at the center of the eye and slit-shaped nostrils. Legs are short and heavily feathered, with baggy “trousers.” Juveniles are generally paler than adults, while older immatures can have a dark hood and pale body. Mostly a bird of plains and open scrub; rarely seen over water, and avoids forests. Overall not as heavy looking as the Steppe Eagle, and never has a rich brown color tone.
Mute Swan
Cygnus olor
Huge white bird with long neck, reddish-orange bill, and black face. Adults have a black knob on top of the bill. Immatures are dusky brown with a gray bill. Native to northern Europe and Asia, but introduced in many regions, where it is now common on ponds, lakes, and calm coastal waters. Very aggressive toward native waterfowl. Often seen in pairs or small family groups.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.