Cactus Parakeet
Eupsittula cactorum
Medium-sized parakeet with a contrasting green back, yellow-orange belly, and pale brown face. Note the white bare eyering. Found in pairs or small groups in scrubby areas (caatinga) with shrubs and cactus, but also frequents marginal agricultural land such as degraded pasture and cultivated areas with rice and maize.
Identification
The Caatinga parakeet is about 25 cm (9.8 in) long. The sexes are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a pale brown forecrown, cheeks, throat, sides of the neck, and breast. Bare whitish skin surrounds their eye. Their belly and vent area are yellow-orange. Their nape, ear coverts, upperparts, and tail are green. Their wings are mostly green with bluish flight feathers. Immature birds are similar to adults but have a completely green crown and duller underparts. Subspecies E. c. caixana has the same plumage pattern as the nominate but is overall paler.
Taxonomy
The Caatinga parakeet has two subspecies, the nominate E. c. cactorum (Kuhl, 1820) and E. c. caixana (Spix, 1824). The Cattinga parakeet and the brown-throated parakeet (E. pertinax) form a species pair.
- Scientific name
- Eupsittula cactorum
- Authority
- (Kuhl, 1820)
- Order
- Psittaciformes
- Family
- Psittacidae
- Genus
- Eupsittula
Range and habitat
The Caatinga parakeet subspecies E. c. caixana is the more northerly of the two. It is found in northeastern Brazil from Maranhão east to the Atlantic Ocean and south as far as northwestern Bahia. The nominate subspecies is found in east-central Brazil south of the São Francisco River in Bahia and Minas Gerais. The species inhabits pristine and second-growth caatinga, a dry landscape characterized by thorny vegetation, shrubs, and succulents. It also occurs in cerrado and moister woodlands.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The Caatinga parakeet has no known movement pattern, but it probably makes local movements in response to the availability of food.<p>The Caatinga parakeet's diet has not been fully investigated. It is known to feed on fruits of figs (Ficus), cactus, and several other plants. It has been reported feeding on flower buds. It also feeds on crops like rice, maize and sorghum.<p>The Caatinga parakeet's breeding season is not well defined, but it seems to be within the August to March period. It typically excavates its nest in arboreal termitaria. The clutch's range in the wild is not known for certain but nests with up to six eggs have been found. In captivity the typical clutch size is six, the incubation period is at least 16 days, and fledging occurs about six weeks after hatch.<p>The Caatinga parakeet's flight calls are "high-pitched screeching “scraart scraart” cries, as well as a softer, shorter and bisyllabic “tchit tchit” and loud “cherr-chee”."
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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