Brown-flanked Tanager

Small flycatcher found in foothill and subtropical forest from around 1500-2300m. Grizzled face pattern with bold black and white crescent on cheek like some other bristle-tyrants and tyrannulets. Look for Variegated’s bold cinnamon wingbars and bicolored bill. Sexes alike. Found singly or in pairs, usually in lower to middle levels of forest, often following a mixed species flock. Listen for high twittering series of “tsit” notes, sometimes with a longer “tsee!” at the end.

Small and rotund with obvious teardrop-shaped plumes protruding from forehead. Looks gray and brown at a distance, with white streaks on the sides and a scaly belly. Males have black face and longer, more curled crest than females. Usually seen in flocks running on the ground in open, scrubby habitats. Listen for frequent, three-noted call, audible at long distances. Separated from similar Gambel’s Quail by range; also note California has scaly belly with rusty (not black) patch and duller brown crown and sides. Native to western North America including Baja California; well-established introduced populations in Chile, Argentina, New Zealand, and Hawaii.

A typical small martin with brown upperparts, pale underparts, and a diffuse gray-brown breast band. Resident and extremely localized, restricted to the Congo River and a handful of its tributaries, breeding colonially in sandbanks. Despite being fairly common, the species’ vocalizations are unknown. Sand Martin is larger than Congo Martin and has a bolder breast band delineating a white throat; Brown-throated Martin has a dark throat.