Greater Bluebonnet
Northiella haematogaster
Brown parrot with yellow-and-red belly and deep blue face, typically found in dry inland habitats in eastern Australia. Multiple subspecies vary in the color of their wing patch, belly, and undertail. Usually seen in small groups, this species is often hard to approach and is easily flushed. In flight, the blue wings and red shoulders contrast with pale brown back. Distinguished from the similar but smaller Naretha Bluebonnet by presence of red on belly.
Identification
The eastern bluebonnet is a medium-sized parrot with prominent crest-like head feathers. All bluebonnets have a mostly olive-grey to brown upperbody, foreneck and breast, with the outerwing and leading edge to the folded wing being dark blue, a blue forehead and face. The bill is pearl grey, the cere is light grey, iris colour is brown-grey, and the feet and legs are dark grey. There is no seasonal variation in the plumage and there are no similar looking species to the bluebonnet parrot.<p>Body length – Male – 28–35 cm, Female – 26–32 cm<p>Wingspan – Male – 36–42 cm, Female 34–38 cm<p>Weight – 70-100g<p>Each subspecies displays significant geographical variation in plumage and size. Most differ by the amount of red on the underbody and the pattern of the inner upperwing which varies from olive-yellow with a blue carpal patch and little or no red to mostly red with a blue-green carpal patch.<p>Subspecies descriptions – differences from nominate species<p>Adult female – the sexes differ slightly with the females being slightly duller with less red on the belly than males. Females often also have a narrow off-white band across the underside of the inner primaries but this is not always present.<p>Juvenile – similar to the adult female but slightly duller and usually have less red on the belly. The most distinctive feature of juvenile's is the brownish-orange colour of the bill which will become the pearl-grey adult colour within two months of fledging. Juvenile's will attain adult plumage when they moult at about three to four months of age.<p>Call – harsh 'chack chack', flute like 'cloote' and a loud 'yak-yak-yak'.
Taxonomy
Once included in the genus Psephotus the eastern bluebonnet has been placed in its own genus due to its significant physical and behavioural differences form other members of Psephotus. Throughout its range three distinctive subspecies are recognized:<p>A fourth has been once again classified as a separate species, the Naretha bluebonnet.<p>Where each subspecies overlaps there is a substantial amount of integration between the subspecies.
- Scientific name
- Northiella haematogaster
- Authority
- (Gould, 1838)
- Order
- Psittaciformes
- Family
- Psittaculidae
- Genus
- Northiella
Range and habitat
Bluebonnets are found in the interior of southeastern and central-southern Australia. The range extends from northern Victoria to southern Queensland in the east across to southeastern Western Australia in the west. Subspecies are found in distinct areas of the distribution of the bluebonnet as follows:<p>Bluebonnets are considered to be resident and sedentary or locally nomadic with no large scale seasonal or regular long-distance movements occurring. Bluebonnets inhabit arid and semi-arid zones in Australia. They inhabit open woodlands dominated by false sandalwood, (Myoporum), belah Casuarina cristata, native pine Callitris, western myall, gidgee, and mulga Acacia, and Eucalyptus, often with a low shrub layer of chenopods such as saltbush Atriplex or blue bush Maireana. Bluebonnets will also inhabit open grassy plains, scrub, and trees bordering watercourses. Remnant patches of mallee in northern Victoria are also important habitat areas for birds in the south of their range.
- Migration
- Resident species
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Cassin's Sparrow
Peucaea cassinii
Dull sparrow lacking distinctive patterns. Found in grasslands with scattered bushes. Generally grayish-brown with barely noticeable blurry streaks on breast and sides, thin white eyering, and pale edges on wing feathers. Back is patterned with rufous and black. Very diffuse head pattern. Most similar to Botteri's Sparrow; where range overlaps, look for Cassin's smaller bill, thin white eyering, and voice. Gives a pleasant musical song; a few varied notes followed by four whistles on different pitches "see-soo, see-say."
Cream-colored Courser
Cursorius cursor
Distinctive wader of desert areas, uniform sandy-brown with a blue back of head framed by a white and black stripe meeting at the nape. Bill is slightly down-curved. Very tall and slim with long legs that it uses to run across desert and semi-desert areas with its head held high. Dramatically patterned in flight with black flight feathers and underwings contrasting with its sandy body.
Blue-gray Robin
Melanodryas cyanus
A fairly small bird of montane forest. Blue-gray plumage, with contrasting blackish wings and tail. Perches low down, often on diagonal branches or vertical mossy trunks, flicking its tail and scanning the ground for insects. Very similar to Smoky Robin, but Blue-gray has a distinct bluish tinge to the gray, lacks the paler belly and has more contrasting black wing feathers. Several different vocalizations, including mournful, monotonous whistles, an up-and-down, whistled jumble and a rasp.
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