Stripe-breasted Starthroat
Heliomaster squamosus
A large hummingbird found in forest and semiopen habitats such as savannas. Males have a green body bisected by a white stripe on the belly. Also note the dazzling metallic-pink gorget and blueish forehead on males. Females are grayish-green above and below with a white stripe down the center and a scaly-looking throat.
Identification
The stripe-breasted starthroat is 11.2 to 12.4 cm (4.4 to 4.9 in) long and weighs 5 to 6.5 g (0.18 to 0.23 oz). Both sexes have a long, slightly decurved, black bill, a white streak behind the eye, and a white "moustache". Both have a forked tail but the female's is less deeply indented than the male's. Males in breeding plumage have bronzy green upperparts with an iridescent green crown. Their gorget is glittering violet and the sides of it flare out. Their underparts are greenish black with a white stripe down the middle. The central tail feathers are black and the rest dark blue-green. After breeding its throat molts to grayish with black spots. Females' upperparts are like the male's. The throat feathers are blackish green with white edges. The chest and belly are grayish with a white stripe down the middle and the flanks are greenish. The tail is green and the outer feathers have a steel blue band near the end and white tips.
Taxonomy
At one time the stripe-breasted starthroat was placed in genus Lepidolarynx but since the mid-1900s has had its current placement in Heliomaster. It is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Heliomaster squamosus
- Authority
- (Temminck, 1823)
- Order
- Apodiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Heliomaster
Range and habitat
The stripe-breasted starthroat is found in eastern Brazil from Pernambuco south to São Paulo state. It has also been recorded as a vagrant in Argentina's Iguazú National Park. It inhabits forest and savannah at elevations from sea level to 800 m (2,600 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The stripe-breasted starthroat is essentially sedentary but may occasionally wander to higher elevations than usual.<p>The stripe-breasted starthroat feeds on nectar from a wide variety of flowering plants. It typically forages between 3 and 8 m (10 and 30 ft) above the ground. It is territorial, but defends flower patches from others of its species more than from other hummingbirds. In addition to nectar, it also feeds on small insects captured by hawking.<p>The stripe-breasted starthroat's breeding season is usually February to April but it has been recorded incubating in November. It makes a small cup nest and usually sites it on a horizontal tree branch 6 to 8 m (20 to 30 ft) above the ground. Some nests have been seen higher, and at least one has been seen on a utility wire. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 14 to 16 days and fledging occurs 21 to 24 days after hatch.<p>What is thought to be the stripe-breasted starthroat's song is "a subdued, buzzy scratchy warble 'bzzzrrrr..bzzzrrr..chi-chi-chi-chi..bzrrr'." It also makes "a liquid 'tsik'" call.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Brown Sicklebill
Epimachus meyeri
A large, long-tailed bird of montane forest with a long, curved bill. Male has black upperparts with some iridescence, brown underparts and very long tail. Female is brown above with rufous crown, barred belly and black face. Male does an astonishing display, where two articulated fans are lifted above the head and the whole body is swayed up and down. Similar to Black Sicklebill, but Brown is usually found at higher elevations and has a pale blue eye. Male has brown and female a barred chest. Voice, sounds scarily like short bursts of a machine gunfire.
Tropical Mockingbird
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A fruit dove primarily of foothill forest but wanders to lowland and montane forest. Two very different races. Dark red-capped race from the Bird’s Head of New Guinea, and yellow-green capped further east. Note the white band from the bill around the back of the neck and clay-colored chest. Similar to Pink-spotted Dove, but Ornate Fruit-Dove has a dark red wedge on the shoulder and yellow tip to the tail. Voice a slow but accelerating series of rising “woop” notes, similar to that of Pink-spotted but not as fast.
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