Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer
Diglossa gloriosissima
One of the most beautiful of all flowerpiercers, found only at high elevations near tree line in Colombia’s western Andes. Adult is black with a chestnut belly and silvery shoulder patch. Young birds are duller and browner. Also note the oddly shaped bill with a hooked tip, used to penetrate the bases of flowers to extract nectar. Inhabits scrub and stunted forest, and visits hummingbird feeders in at least one location. Song, often quite long, consists of squeaky chirps that constantly change in pitch.
Identification
Chestnut-bellied flowerpiercers, like the other birds in the genus Diglossa, are small montane tanagers. Their slender upturned bills are used to pierce flowers at the base to obtain nectar.<p>Size: 14-15cm in length. Wingspan is 75mm (male), 70mm (female).<p>Adult Male: The head, upper breast, nape, back, wings and tail are deep glossy black. The lesser wing-coverts are bluish-grey and there is a wash of this colour on the rump. The lower breast, belly and vent are deep rufous-chestnut with black markings on the flanks. The undertail coverts are black. The bill is black and the feet and tarsi are grey.<p>Adult Female: Similar to the male, but the rump shows more bluish-grey colour.<p>Juvenile: Similar to the adults but the black areas are duller, the lesser wing-coverts and rump are black, the chestnut areas are marked with black streaks, and the lower mandible is yellow with a dark tip.<p>Subspecies variation: Subspecies D. g. boylei differs from the nominate subspecies by showing uniformly chestnut flanks, sides, and undertail coverts.
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described in 1912 by the American ornithologist Frank M. Chapman based on a type series of ten specimens collected in the Andes west of Popayán in 1911 by W.B. Richardson and Leo E. Miller.<p>The species is considered monotypic by The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, but the IOC World Bird List recognizes two subspecies:<p>The generic name Diglossa is derived from the Ancient Greek diglossos (double-tongued; speaking two languages). The species epithet gloriosissima comes from the Latin gloriosissimus (most glorious), presumably because it is much larger than the similar Mérida flowerpiercer (Diglossa gloriosa) that Chapman compared his specimens with.
- Scientific name
- Diglossa gloriosissima
- Authority
- Chapman, 1912
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Thraupidae
- Genus
- Diglossa
Range and habitat
This species is known from only a few small and discontiguous locations in the highlands of the Western Andes of Colombia. Populations have been observed in recent years in the departments of Antioquia (Paramillo Massif, Páramo de Frontino, Jardín area, Páramo del Sol, and Farallones del Citará); Cauca (Serranía del Pinche and southwest of Popayán); Chocó (Gorrión Andivia Bird Reserve); and Risaralda (Cerro Montezuma in the Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá). Given that much of the potential range of this species is in high and remote areas, it is possible that additional populations remain to be found.<p>Chestnut-bellied flowerpiercers are found at elevations between 3000 and 3800m, except for at the Cerro Montezuma where they regularly occur down to 2400m. The typical habitats are open páramo, shrubby sub-páramo and the edges of elfin forest. The species is known to favour shrubby forests of Polylepis species including Polylepis quadrijuga, and other small trees such as Escallonia or Baccharis.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
Due to the remoteness of and, until recently, high levels of guerilla activity within the area, the birds of higher altitudes in the northern portion of the Western Cordillera have not been sufficiently studied. The chestnut-bellied flowerpiercer is no exception – there were no records of the species between 1965 and 2003. Thus there is relatively little known about its ecology. <p>Breeding. Evidence of reproduction, including females in breeding condition and the construction of nests suggests that breeding periods occur in February and August.<p>Feeding. At one páramo site the species was observed feeding on the flowers of some Melastomataceae and Ericaceae species, mainly of the genera Cavendishia, Psammisia andThibaudia, as well as Loranthaceae and epiphytic bromeliads. Like the other flowerpiercers it probably also forages for small insects. At the Cerro Montezuma location they have been observed visiting hummingbird feeders.<p>Behaviour. This is a territorial species that only forms pairs when it nests. It has been observed moving in family groups of up to five individuals and also associating with mixed flocks. At Páramo Frontino chestnut-bellied and black-throated (Diglossa brunneiventris) flowerpiercers hold mutually exclusive territories.
Conservation
- Population trend
- unknown
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Purple Sunbird
Cinnyris asiaticus
The breeding male is a metallic blue and purple overall with maroon feathers on the breast. The female is olive above and yellow below. The nonbreeding male of this species is primarily olive-brown with blackish upperparts and yellow underparts with blue-black band running down the throat and chest. Females can be distinguished from female Purple-rumped Sunbirds by its yellow (not grayish) throat. Seen in pairs, feeding chiefly on nectar, but they also take insects. Breeding males display by fluttering their wings in front of females while singing. They are found in gardens, cultivated areas, and forests.
Blackcap Babbler
Turdoides reinwardtii
A mostly brownish babbler with a black head and a white eye. The underparts are pale in the west and become increasingly darker in the eastern part of the range. Found in moist woodland, dense savanna, scrub, gallery forest, forest edge, cultivated areas, and gardens. Almost always in groups, which feed by hopping across the ground. Similar in behavior, shape, size, and overall brown coloration to Brown Babbler, but easily separated by the black head and the lack of a contrastingly paler rump. Calls include a raspy babbling, nasal calls, and a dry clucking, all usually given by a whole group in chorus.
Pohnpei Flycatcher
Myiagra pluto
Small monarch flycatcher with uniformly dark glossy plumage. Endemic to Pohnpei Island, where it is the only small all-dark bird on the island; male Micronesian Starling is also glossy and dark, but is much larger, with yellow eyes. Inhabits forests and forest edges, often “flycatching” from a perch close to the ground. Gives a series of bright rising whistles, as well as a squeaky descending chatter and harsh rasping notes.
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