Plains-wanderer
Pedionomus torquatus
Unique terrestrial bird, endemic to Australia, where found in sparse native grasslands in parts of central and southern Australia. Extremely secretive and elusive, this species is unlikely to be observed without deliberate search and professional help. Resembles a buttonquail but has a more upright posture and a hind-toe. Upperparts reddish-brown with fine black streaking, underparts white with black spots. Adult female has bright red patch on the neck, with a black-and-white collar above it.
Identification
The plains-wanderer is a quail-like ground bird, measuring 15–19 cm. It is such an atypical bird that it is placed in an entire family of its own, Pedionomidae. The adult male is light brown above, with fawn-white underparts with black crescents. The adult female is substantially larger than the male, and has a distinctive, white-spotted black collar. They have excellent camouflage and will first hide at any disturbance. If approached too closely, they will run rather than fly, at which they are very poor. Females lay four eggs, which the male then incubates.
Taxonomy
It was formerly believed to be related to the buttonquails and thus placed in the gamebird order Galliformes or with the cranes and rails in Gruiformes. DNA–DNA hybridization and RAG-1 sequence data places it as a wader related to the jacanas. It thus represents a remarkable case of morphological convergence, or perhaps it is simply extremely plesiomorphic in morphology (the buttonquails, meanwhile, having turned out to be a very basal offshoot of the wader radiation). In the latter case, this would mean that the jacanas, painted snipe and seedsnipes—all ecologically very different birds—all evolved from birds very similar to the living plains-wanderer.
- Scientific name
- Pedionomus torquatus
- Authority
- Gould, 1840
- Order
- Charadriiformes
- Family
- Pedionomidae
- Genus
- Pedionomus
Range and habitat
- Migration
- Resident species
Conservation
Population decline has been caused by the conversion of native grasslands to cultivation and intensive predation by the introduced fox—the species' ground-nesting habits, poor flying ability, and tendency to run rather than fly from predators make it easy prey for the fox. Sites identified by BirdLife International as being important for plains-wanderer conservation are Boolcoomatta, Bindarrah and Kalkaroo Stations in north-eastern South Australia, Diamantina and Astrebla Grasslands in western Queensland, Patho Plains in northern Victoria and the Riverina Plains in New South Wales. <p>A crucial aspect of Plains-wanderer conservation is their habitat needs. They require grasslands with both open and denser vegetation for foraging and roosting, which is essential for their survival and recovery.<p>This bird is listed as Endangered on the 2022 IUCN Red List.<p>Plains-wanderers are listed as critically endangered under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia: <p>A 2018 study ranked it sixth in a list of Australian birds most likely to go extinct.<p>A captive population was established in late 2018 within a purpose-built facility containing 30 aviaries at Taronga Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo. These captive individuals will form an insurance population as part of a breed-and-release program to support the wild population, as part of the national conservation plan for the species.
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Striking red, black, and whitish myzomela found throughout New Caledonia, though preferring areas with native habitat. Male has red head and chest, black back, wings, and tail, and whitish flanks. Female much plainer, mostly brown with faint reddish tinge on face. Notably smaller than other honeyeaters on New Caledonia.
Brown Babbler
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Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo
Vireolanius eximius
This striking vireo is found in the canopy of lowland forest in northern Colombia and western Venezuela. The lime green upperparts contrast with a bright yellow eyebrow and throat, fading to paler yellow on the belly. Note the blue crown and thick bill with slight hook at the tip typical of vireos. No other species are bright green with such a hefty bill. Look for singles or pairs moving slowly in the trees, sometimes with a mixed-species flock. Sings a song with a few descending whistled notes.
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