Golden-winged Parakeet
Brotogeris chrysoptera
In flight, note compact shape, pointed tail, and bounding flight with jerky wingbeats. Yellow wing patch can be hard to see when perched, but note small size, stocky proportions, mostly green plumage,and pale bill. Found in lowland rainforest; usually flying high above the forest canopy. Feeds in the canopy on flowers and fruit. Distinctive grating call is almost always heard before these birds are seen.
Identification
The golden-winged parakeet is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and weighs 47 to 80 g (1.7 to 2.8 oz). The species is almost entirely green. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a browish frontal band above the bill, and orange-brown spot on the chin, and bright orange primary coverts. Subspecies B. c. tuipara has an orange frontal band and chin and yellow edges on the outer tail feathers. B. c. chrysosema has a yellowish orange frontal band and yellow primary coverts. B. c. solimoensis is like chrysosema but with a paler frontal band. B. c. tenuifrons has yellow edges on the outer tail feathers like tuipara but no frontal band. Immature birds have entirely green wings.
Taxonomy
The golden-winged parakeet was formally described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus chrysopterus. Linnaeus based his description on the "golden-winged parakeet" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the English naturalist George Edwards in the second volume of his Gleanings of Natural History. Edwards was uncertain about the origin of his specimen. Linnaeus specified the type location as "India". It was redesignated as "Guiana" in 1912. The golden-winged parakeet is now one of eight species placed in the genus Brotogeris that was introduced in 1925 by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek brotogērus meaning "with human voice". The specific epithet chrysoptera is from the Ancient Greek khrusopteros meaning "golden-winged" (from khrusos "gold" and pteron "wing").<p>Five subspecies of golden-winged parakeet are recognized:<p>B. c. solimoensis has sometimes been included in the nominate B. c. chrysoptera. Subspecies B. c. tuipara and B. c. chrysosema have sometimes been treated as separate species. The golden-winged and cobalt-winged parakeet (B. cyanoptera) are sister species.
- Scientific name
- Brotogeris chrysoptera
- Authority
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- Order
- Psittaciformes
- Family
- Psittacidae
- Genus
- Brotogeris
Range and habitat
The subspecies of the golden-winged parakeet are found thus:<p>In most of its range the golden-winged parakeet inhabits undisturbed lowland rainforest, secondary forest, savanna, coastal woodlands, and towns (as long as there are tall trees). North of the Orinoco River in Venezuela it inhabits cloudforest as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
Migration pattern: Resident species.
Conservation
Population trend: declining.
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Sunbittern
Eurypyga helias
One of the most dazzling of all the world’s birds; the intricate yellow, red, and black pattern on the spread wings is truly otherworldly. When standing, rather heronlike shape but with a more horizontal posture and longer tail. Also look for striped black-and-white head and barred back. Found singly or in pairs along rivers or swamps, usually standing quietly along the shore. Listen for long whistles at dawn and dusk.
Mountain Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus trivirgatus
Small leaf warbler of montane rainforests throughout Sundaland. Strongly contrasting head pattern with black eye-stripe, pale eyebrow and black stripes either side of the central pale crown stripe. Note the lack of wing bar. In most areas, birds are yellowish green above and brighter yellow below; birds on Mount Kinabalu are gray-green above and off-white below. Forages actively in upper levels of forest, often in mixed flocks. Compare with migratory leaf warblers. Song is a rolling series of high-pitched warbling notes.
Tricolored Munia
Lonchura malacca
Small, finchlike bird of weedy and grassy areas in tropical lowlands. Often in small flocks, which associate readily with seedeaters and grassquits. Adult is handsome and striking with rusty upperparts. Black head and underparts are cut by a broad white swath from flanks across the lower breast. Note stout gray bill. Juvenile notably plain, buffy brown overall with stout bluish-gray bill. Note the pointed tail, unlike seedeaters and grassquits. Native to Asia and spreading in New World as an escaped cage bird.
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