Puna Thistletail
Asthenes helleri
Small brown bird with a very long, thin tail. Found in elfin forest and montane scrub around and above the treeline, where it forages singly or in pairs low in dense vegetation. Does not overlap with other thistletail species, and its distinctive tail shape distinguishes it from any other bird in range. Its song is a fast, slowly rising chatter of sharp, squeaky notes.
Identification
The puna thistletail is 17 to 18.5 cm (6.7 to 7.3 in) long and weighs 13 to 17 g (0.46 to 0.60 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a brownish gray face with a grayish supercilium. Their crown is dark rufescent-brown with a grayer forehead. Their back, rump, and wings are dark rufescent brown. Their tail is a brighter rufescent brown; it is long and deeply forked with few barbs at the feather ends. Their chin is white, in some areas with a small rufous center. Their throat has a blackish patch with pale gray flecks. Their underparts are mostly gray with a brownish tinge on the flanks and undertail coverts. Their iris is brownish gray, gray, or pale tan, their maxilla black to gray, their mandible gray to whitish with a dark tip, and their legs and feet gray to bluish gray.
Taxonomy
The puna thistletail and eight other species were previously placed in genus Schizoeaca but genetic data showed that the genus is embedded within Asthenes. Some authors considered all of those taxa to be conspecific but the genetic data confirm they are separate species.<p>The puna thistletail is monotypic. However, the population in the southern part of the species' range might qualify as a subspecies.
- Scientific name
- Asthenes helleri
- Authority
- (Chapman, 1923)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Furnariidae
- Genus
- Asthenes
Range and habitat
The puna thistletail is found from Peru's Department of Cuzco southeast into Bolivia's La Paz Department. It inhabits elfin forest at the tree line ecotone, usually areas with a dense understory of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges between 2,700 and 3,700 m (8,900 and 12,100 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The puna thistletail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The puna thistletail is thought to feed mostly on arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs, usually in the understory though sometimes higher. It takes its prey by gleaning from foliage, small branches, and moss.<p>The puna thistletail's breeding season has not been defined but includes at least October. It is thought to be monogamous. The nest is a domed mass with a side entrance, constructed of moss and a few twigs and placed on a clump of grass. The clutch size at known nests was two eggs. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The puna thistletail is highly vocal. Their song, sung by both sexes, is "a short, rapid high-pitched series of spluttering notes, pee-peep-p-p-p-t-t-tii...that accelerates and increases in volume before fading at the end". Its call is "a sharp pyeek, preek, peent or feet note".
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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