Velvet-fronted Euphonia

A large bird of lowland and foothill forest and edge. Both sexes have yellow back and yellow eye. Male has a chestnut breast and white and yellow plumes which he raises above his back during his display, in which he flaps his chestnut wings. The male is distinguished from Greater by his yellow back and Emperor by his brown chest. Females distinguished from other species by their white underparts and black hood. Male gives a typical, repeated, nasal squawk.

A very small bird of wooded areas from the lowlands to lower elevations in the mountains. Male has dark upperparts with a greenish crown and rump, a deep purple throat and upper chest, and a bright red lower chest and upper belly. In Sulu and west Mindanao birds, the red on the chest is replaced by yellow with an orange wash. Male is distinctive. Female resembles several other drab female sunbirds, but has a yellow brow and chest and a brown wing. Call is a sharp upslurred “tsweep!”

Small songbird, essentially identical in plumage to Arctic Warbler and Japanese Leaf Warbler. A late spring migrant, often moving up the Chinese coast from Southeast Asia in mid- to late May. Breeds in the taiga forests and forest edges of the Kamchatka peninsula, Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. Call is a low “chuck,” averaging lower than that of Japanese Leaf and Arctic Warblers. Song is a broken series of chattering notes, with each segment being in more discrete phrases than the more consistent, higher-pitched song of Arctic.