Red-shouldered Spinetail
Synallaxis hellmayri
Angry-looking bird with a long spiky tail and brown plumage contrasting with a black throat and a rusty shoulder patch. Occurs in arid, scrubby woodlands where normally forages on or close to the ground. The song is a repetition of a short, fast “quebéc.”
Identification
The red-shouldered spinetail is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 25 to 26 g (0.88 to 0.92 oz). The sexes are thought to have the same plumage. Adults have uniform fuscous brown face, crown, back, rump, and uppertail coverts. Their wing coverts are dull chestnut and their flight feathers brownish gray. Their tail is blackish; it is long and the feathers have blunt tips. Their chin and throat are black. The rest of their underparts are brownish gray with a buffier center to the belly. Their iris is orange to rufescent, their bill black to blackish brown, and their legs and feet gray. Juveniles have grayish wing coverts.
Taxonomy
The red-shouldered spinetail was long treated as the sole member of genus Gyalophylax but molecular phylogenetic studies show that Gyalophylax is embedded within Synallaxis. The red-shouldered spinetail is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Synallaxis hellmayri
- Authority
- Reiser, 1905
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Furnariidae
- Genus
- Synallaxis
Range and habitat
The red-shouldered spinetail is found in eastern Brazil, in an area roughly bounded by Piauí, western Pernambuco, and extreme northern Minas Gerais. It inhabits arid scrubby woodland within the caatinga biome, and favors areas dense with terrestrial bromeliads. In elevation it ranges between 200 and 400 m (700 and 1,300 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The red-shouldered spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes seeds in its diet. It usually forages in pairs, gleaning its prey mainly from leaf litter on the ground but also seeking it in foliage and on small branches up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail's breeding season is thought to be from October to April. Its one known nest was a bulky mass of cactus spines about twice as long as wide, with an upward-slanting entrance tube. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail's song is "a loud, fast, accelerating series that fades towards end...usually introduced with 1–4 quiet, widely spaced dry notes". Pairs exchange "tre-tré" or "tchí-krr" calls while foraging. The species' alarm call is a "high, shrill 'quebéc' ".
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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