Black-billed Treehunter
Thripadectes melanorhynchus
Rather dull, brownish bird found in cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes. Brown with faint buff streaking on head, throat, and breast. Throat is scaled buffy, and tail is rusty. Lack of distinct streaking on lower underparts helps distinguish it from other similar species in range. Usually seen foraging along branches at low to medium heights. Typical song is a series of two to six strident notes; a longer series may be given if the bird is excited.
Identification
The black-billed treehunter is 20 to 20.5 cm (7.9 to 8.1 in) long and weighs 39 to 46 g (1.4 to 1.6 oz). It is a bulky, dark furnariid with a thrush-like shape. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a mostly blackish-brown face with well-defined buff streaks and lores that are grizzled blackish brown and buff. Their crown is blackish brown with narrow buff streaks. Their back is dark brown with buff streaks and their rump dull dark brown that blends to reddish brown uppertail coverts. Their wings are rich dark brown and their tail dark chestnut-brown. Their throat is ochraceous with dark feather borders that give a scaly appearance. Their breast is rufescent-brown with faint pale streaks, their belly a mostly plain duller rufescent brown, and their flanks and undertail coverts darker rufescent-brown. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their bill black, and their legs and feet dark blackish gray to brown. Juveniles have less distinct streaking on the back and throat than adults. Subspecies T. m. striaticeps has a paler (less sooty) crown and back than the nominate, with wider streaks on the back and more rufescent wings.
Taxonomy
The black-billed treehunter has two subspecies, the nominate T. m. melanorhynchus (Tschudi, 1844) and T. m. striaticeps (Sclater & Salvin, 1875). It and the streak-breasted treehunter (T. rufobrunneus) are sister species.
- Scientific name
- Thripadectes melanorhynchus
- Authority
- (Tschudi, 1844)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Furnariidae
- Genus
- Thripadectes
Range and habitat
The nominate subspecies of the black-billed treehunter has the larger range. It is found on the east slope of the Andes from Sucumbíos Province in northern Ecuador south all the way through Peru to the Department of Puno. Subspecies T. m. striaticeps is found on the eastern slope of Colombia's Eastern Andes south from Boyacá and Casanare departments to near or into northern Ecuador. The species primarily inhabits montane evergreen forest and also occurs in secondary forest and in stunted forest along ridgetops. In elevation it ranges between 1,000 and 1,800 m (3,300 and 5,900 ft) in Colombia and 1,000 and 1,700 m (3,300 and 5,600 ft) in Ecuador and Peru.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The black-billed treehunter is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-billed treehunter's diet is mostly arthropods and may also include small vertebrates. It forages in dense undergrowth, usually by itself, and rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It gleans its prey but the substrates from which it does so have not been fully defined.<p>The black-billed treehunter's breeding season has not been defined but spans at least from October to April. It is thought to be monogamous. It excavates a tunnel up to 1 m (3.5 ft) long in an earthen bank with a chamber at the end that it floors with leaf stems and sometimes thin sticks. The one known clutch was of three eggs. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known. Both parents provision nestlings.<p>The black-billed treehunter's song is "an accelerating, then decelerating, slightly descending series of c. 10–13 sharp 'kyip' notes with [a] 'laughing' quality". The notes are sometimes paired.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Kentish Plover
Anarhynchus alexandrinus
Small, pale plover with broken black collar, sandy upperparts, grayish legs, and rather fine black bill. Breeding plumage has black mask and black tabs at sides of breast (not a complete band). Nonbreeding plumages have black replaced by brown. Mainly coastal, on sandy beaches, dry mudflats, and at salt ponds, usually near water; also locally inland. Migrants will join with flocks of other shorebirds.
Atoll Starling
Aplonis feadensis
A medium-sized, uniformly black starling with a glossy purplish and bluish sheen. In flight looks rather pot-bellied. Eye distinctively pale yellow. Juvenile uniformly sooty brown, scaly beneath. Found in forest and coconut groves on remote atolls. Similar to Singing Starling, but distinguished by pale eye of adult and scaling instead of streaking on belly of juvenile. Common call is a loud rising “weee-eeee.” Also gives a soft chattering.
Rough-legged Tyrannulet
Acrochordopus burmeisteri
Small flycatcher found in forest canopy. Confusingly similar to other tyrannulets, but note especially its stubby (not pointy) bill with a very pale base, which can be quite evident since you are often looking straight up at the bird. Voice is another good clue; it often gives sharp whistles, either alone or in a series. It also tends to be more sluggish, perches more vertically, and stays higher up in the trees than other similar tyrannulets. It has two separate populations, one in the Atlantic Forest region, and another along the east slope of the Andes in Argentina, Bolivia, and perhaps far southern Peru. Northward it is replaced by White-fronted Tyrannulet, which is now considered a separate species. The area of overlap is not well known. Rough-legged Tyrannulet is more uniformly colored, showing little or no gray in the crown.
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