Papuan Dwarf-Kingfisher

Boldly patterned sparrow with black head and white eyebrow. Back and tail olive-yellow, underparts white; black band across chest. Found alone or in pairs or family groups on ground or at mid-level in dense understory, second growth vegetation at forest edges, and coffee plantations. Can often be detected by listening for the movement of leaves as it forages. Song and calls are repetitive and very high-pitched. No similar species in range. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.

Gray finch-like bird known from only a few sites in the Andes of northern Peru, including steep slopes above the Marañon Valley. Adult has bright yellow bill and legs, black mask, and white outer tail feathers that are hard to see when perched. Young birds have less black on the face and duller bill and legs. Inhabits arid regions with dense, scrubby forest. Forages mainly on the ground, but perches up higher to sing. Typical song is a rising, tremulous whistle.

A large, black gregarious species of open woodlands, palm savannahs, and human settlements (including agricultural areas and garbage dumps) near woodlands; often found in flocks of up to fifty birds. The similar Palm Crow has a much shorter bill with extensive feathering on top. The Palm Crow also has a flat, harsh “raaah” unlike the Cuban Crow’s “whih waaa” call with the first note inflected upward and the second note downward. Cuban Crows also have a number of shrieking and harsh burbling noises.