Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher

Rarely observed, nocturnal bird of lowland rainforest. Considerably smaller than other potoos, and distinguished from them by bright rufous plumage spotted with white. Inhabits middle and upper levels of tall forest, especially in regions with sandy soils, where it sallies from exposed perches for flying insects. Roosts during the day on thin branches and camouflages itself remarkably well by swaying with the breeze as if to mimic a suspended dead leaf. Voice, unlike that of other potoos, is a rapid, descending series of hoots with a bubbling quality, given infrequently and only for short periods. Unlikely to be confused with anything else; plumage recalls Oilbird, but potoo is much smaller and perches vertically.

Huge black-and-white vanga with a long curved bill. Juveniles have shorter bills. Madagascar endemic that is found at low elevations in spiny forest, dry deciduous forest, scrub, and plantations. Feeds by probing into cracks and crevices with its long bill, sometimes hanging upside down to do so. Very loud and vocal, giving a variety of calls including scolds, rasps, and a long wail that sounds almost like a human baby. Much larger than White-headed and Chabert Vangas, with a longer, curved bill. 

Chunky snipe of very high elevations in the Andes. Plumage has a complicated pattern of brown, buff, and black; note extensive barring on underparts and thick, drooping bill. Might be confused with Noble Snipe, but does not have a white belly. Compared to Imperial Snipe, it is smaller and lacks the warm, cinnamon coloration. Jameson’s Snipe inhabits paramo grasslands and stunted forest near tree line. Shy and rarely encountered unless flushed, when it gives a burst of sharp, abrupt “kek” notes.