Canyon Towhee
Melozone fusca
Large, stocky, long-tailed sparrow. Uniform matte brown body, with buffy throat and orange undertail coverts. Also note reddish-brown crown and messy dark streaks on upper breast (usually with a dark central spot). Occurs in deserts and dry grasslands with scattered dense shrubs. Forages primarily for seeds by running and hopping on the ground. Visits feeders. Essentially no range overlap with the very similar California Towhee; also note Canyon has reddish crown and lacks rusty tones on face.
Identification
It is 19 to 25 cm (7.5 to 9.8 in) long, and has a noticeably long tail, at 8.2 to 11 cm (3.2 to 4.3 in). This species weighs from .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}36.5 to 67 g (1+1⁄4 to 2+1⁄4 oz), though on average weigh only around 45 g (1+1⁄2 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 8.2 to 10.1 cm (3.2 to 4.0 in), the bill is 1.4 to 1.7 cm (0.55 to 0.67 in) and the tarsus is 2.3 to 2.7 cm (0.91 to 1.06 in). It is earthy brown in color, with somewhat lighter underparts and a somewhat darker head with a rufous cap (except that birds in central Mexico have the cap the same color as the back); there is also a slightly reddish area beneath the tail. There is little sexual dimorphism.
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the group of towhees to which this species belongs is debated. At the higher level, some authors place the towhees in the family Fringillidae. Within the genus, there has been dispute about whether the canyon towhee is a distinct species from the California towhee (Melozone crissalis) found in coastal regions from Oregon and California in the United States through Baja California in Mexico. At present, molecular genetics seems to have settled this issue in favour of separation of the species.
- Scientific name
- Melozone fusca
- Authority
- (Swainson, 1827)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Passerellidae
- Genus
- Melozone
Range and habitat
The towhee is native to lower-lying areas from Arizona, southern Colorado, New Mexico and western Texas south to northwestern Oaxaca, Mexico, mostly avoiding the coasts. Its natural habitat is brush or chaparral.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
Migration pattern: Resident species.
Conservation
Population trend: declining.
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
White-bellied Hummingbird
Elliotomyia chionogaster
Medium-sized hummingbird of middle and high elevations. Green above, white below, with a pinkish lower mandible. Found around forest edges and scrubby open habitats. Distinguished with care from the very similar Green-and-white Hummingbird by the white extending lower onto the underside of the tail, and by its sometimes lighter pink lower mandible; it is also typically found in more open habitats than that species.
Rüppell's Weaver
Ploceus galbula
A fairly small and compact weaver of dry country. Breeding males are olive-green above and bright yellow below, with a rufous patch on the face and a red eye. Females, non-breeding males, and juveniles are much duller, brownish-olive overall with a dark eye and a pinkish bill. Found in dry thorn savanna and cultivated areas, often in small flocks. Females and non-breeding males can be separated from most similar weavers by their pale bill and overall size and shape; very similar to Vitelline Masked-Weaver, but separated by the dark eye. Vocalizations are typical of weavers: “chik” notes and a sizzling “radio static” song.
Bananal Antbird
Cercomacra ferdinandi
An antbird with a very restricted distribution in the Araguaia Valley. Males are black with white wing bars and white tips to the tail, while females are similar but gray and slightly streaked on the breast. Occurs in gallery forest and adjacent second growth, where it forages in the understory and does not join mixed-species flocks. Males give a series of staccato notes and are sometimes joined in a duet by females giving high-pitched notes.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.