Rusty-margined Guan
Penelope superciliaris
Medium-sized long-tailed guan with a red throat wattle and pale legs. Occurs in various wooded habitats from dense humid forests to dry forests and mangroves. Unlike other guans has an indistinct eyebrow streak and a plain rather than streaked back. Prominent white streaks on the neck extend to the lower breast. Makes a harsh barked “wruh, wruh.”
Identification
The rusty-margined guan is 55 to 73 cm (1.8 to 2.4 ft) long. The nominate subspecies weighs 950 to 1,150 g (2.1 to 2.5 lb) and P. s. jacupemba 750 to 880 g (1.7 to 1.9 lb). The species' upperparts are dark olive to brownish with the eponymous reddish margins on the wing coverts and scapulars. The belly is also rusty. The face is pale with a supercilium whose color ranges from white to buff or ochre in the different subspecies. P. s. jacupemba paler overall than the nominate and P. s. major is darker.
Taxonomy
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Handbook of the Birds of the World taxonomies recognize the four rusty-margined guan subspecies listed in the box to the right. The Clements taxonomy does not recognize P. s. pseudonyma as separate but includes its population in the nominate subspecies. Birds in Brazil's Alagoas state are distinctive and might be a separate subspecies. The rusty-margined guan and the Marail guan (P. marail) form a superspecies.
- Scientific name
- Penelope superciliaris
- Authority
- Temminck, 1815
- Order
- Galliformes
- Family
- Cracidae
- Genus
- Penelope
Range and habitat
The nominate subspecies of rusty-margined guan is found in Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River. P. s. pseudonyma when treated separately is more westerly than the nominate sensu stricto. P. s. jacupemba is found from central and southern Brazil into eastern Bolivia. P. s. major is found in extreme southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and extreme northeastern Argentina.<p>The rusty-margined guan inhabits a wide variety of landscapes across its large range. Examples include the interior and edges of heavy forest, gallery forest, restinga, woodlands in cerrado grasslands, caatinga, mangroves, and Eucalyptus plantations. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but can be found as high as 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in parts of Brazil.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The rusty-margined guan is essentially sedentary, though in some areas birds roost in higher areas and move down to feed with an elevation change of up to 400 m (1,300 ft). It seldom flies more than about 20 m (66 ft) and usually much less.<p>The rusty-margined guan forages alone, in pairs, or in groups of up to 10 birds. It mainly feeds between about 5 and 10 m (16 and 33 ft) above the ground, but often feeds on the ground as well. Its diet is almost entirely fruit; one study identified the fruit of 117 plant species. It also eats small amounts of flowers, leaves, and insects.<p>The rusty-margined guan's breeding season spans October to February in Argentina and August to February in southeastern Brazil; it has not been well defined elsewhere. Its nest is a platform made of sticks lined with live and dead leaves, usually built in a tree. The clutch size is three eggs.<p>The rusty-margined guan gives a wing-whirring display that has not well defined. It gives a "gruff barking" call, probably in alarm but possibly in other contexts as well.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Even-colored antshrike of forest under- and midstory. Often travels with mixed-species flocks. Males are plain gray; females are tawny with olive underparts. Females have a more contrasting reddish cap than other female antshrikes. Heard more often than seen; listen for a series of accelerating “awh” notes terminating in a punctuated down-slurred note.
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