Black-backed Grosbeak
Pheucticus aureoventris
Uncommon in the Andes from western Venezuela to Argentina. Male is black above with a yellow belly and prominent white patches on the wings. Most populations have an entirely black head and chest, but birds in southern Colombia and Ecuador have yellow up the throat. Females are similar to males, but are duller brownish instead of black with more yellowish mottling above. Both sexes have huge bill. Occurs in scrubby woodlands, forest edge, and gardens from around 500 to 3,200 m. Often found in pairs that perch conspicuously.
Identification
The black-backed grosbeak is approximately 22 cm (8.7 in) long and weighs 43.8 to 66.2 grams (1.54 to 2.34 oz). All of the subspecies except P. a. crissalis are very similar. The males' upperparts are black with a yellow shoulder patch; the closed wings show white patches. The chin, throat, and upper breast are also black. The lower breast and belly are bright yellow with a variable amount of black flecking on the sides and flanks. The female is similar but browner and has yellow mottling on the upperside and dusky speckles on the underside. P. a. crissalis differs mainly in having a yellow chin, throat, and upper breast where the other subspecies are black.
Taxonomy
The black-backed grosbeak has five recognized subspecies:<p>There is some evidence that the black-backed grosbeak may be paraphyletic with respect to golden grosbeak (Pheucticus chrysogaster). Their ranges overlap in Peru.
- Scientific name
- Pheucticus aureoventris
- Authority
- (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Cardinalidae
- Genus
- Pheucticus
Range and habitat
The black-backed grosbeak is a bird of the eastern Andes. The subspecies are found thus. All except the nominate are believed to be sedentary.<p>The black-backed grosbeak inhabits dry to very dry woodland (scrubby to open) and is often found in gardens. In Venezuela it generally ranges in elevation from 1,450 to 2,000 m (4,760 to 6,560 ft) and occasionally up to 3,700 m (12,100 ft). In Colombia it is found between 1,700 and 3,000 m (5,600 and 9,800 ft) and in Peru mostly from 1,200 to 3,200 m (3,900 to 10,500 ft). At the southern end of its range in can be found as low as 600 m (2,000 ft).
- Migration
- Complete migrants
Behavior
The black-backed grosbeak's diet is berries, seeds, flowers, and insects. It usually forages singly or in pairs, but several may gather in a fruiting tree. It mostly forages high up in trees but can be seen at any level. It does not join mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>Little information about the black-backed grosbeak's breeding phenology has been published. Evidence or proof of breeding such as adults with enlarged gonads, nests with eggs, and a fledged chick have been noted between November and January. Nests are an open cup made of vine stalks and lined with fine fibers placed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high in a shrub. The plush-crested jay (Cyanocorax chrysops) is a frequent predator at the nest.<p>The black-backed grosbeak's song is "a rich, melodious series of whistled notes" [1]. Its call is "a sharp 'keck'" [2].
Conservation
- Population trend
- unknown
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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