Scaly Thrush
Zoothera dauma
Large thrush with black-edged golden “scaly” feathering. Distinctive in much of range, but a source of consternation in areas overlapping with closely related White’s Thrush; taxonomy and distinguishing characteristics still not completely resolved. Song is a disjointed series of halting ringing notes, often including harsher, buzzier elements; very different from whistles of White’s Thrush. Breeds in hill and montane forests and winters at lower altitudes in forests and forest edge.
Identification
The sexes are similar, 27–31 cm long, with black scaling on a paler white or yellowish background. The most striking identification feature in flight is the black band on the white underwings, a feature shared with Siberian thrush. The male has a song which is a loud, far-carrying mechanical whistle, with 5-10 second pauses between each one second long phrase twee...tuuu....tuuu....tuuu.
Taxonomy
There are several races which are now often split into a varying number of separate species. Z. aurea (White's thrush), including the questionable subspecies Z. a. toratugumi, is the migratory Siberian and north-east Asian form. Z. neilgherriensis (Nilgiri thrush) is resident in the hills of southwest India. Z. imbricata (Sri Lanka thrush) is endemic to the hills of Sri Lanka and is particularly distinctive, being smaller, long-billed and rufous below. Z. d. dauma (scaly thrush) breeds in the Himalaya and migrates to the foothills in winter. Z. d. horsfieldi (Horsfield's thrush) is resident in Indonesia on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. Z. major (Amami thrush) is restricted to the Amami Islands in Japan and is now considered a distinct species.<p>The taxonomy of this group is still in flux. Some of these subspecies are very similar and the identity of some populations, such as those on Taiwan, is uncertain.<p>The fawn-breasted thrush (Z. machiki) of Indonesia and the Bassian thrush (Z. lunulata) and russet-tailed thrush (Z. heinei) of Australia were also included in Z. dauma in the past.
- Scientific name
- Zoothera dauma
- Authority
- (Latham, 1790)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Turdidae
- Genus
- Zoothera
Range and habitat
It breeds in wet coniferous taiga, mainly in the Himalayas through Malaysia.
- Migration
- Complete migrants
Behavior
The scaly thrush is very secretive, preferring dense cover. It nests in trees, laying three or four dull green eggs in a neat cup nest. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of insects, earthworms and berries.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Oriolus crassirostris
Old World oriole that is unusual in nearly lacking yellow in its plumage. There is a dark hood which is solid in males and streaky in females. A small white mark on the wing and pale yellow marks in the outer tail can be conspicuous in flight. Found in the canopy of rainforest at low and middle elevations. Song is a series of slurred, low-pitched liquid whistles. Calls include a harsh, upslurred nasal scold. Easily identified, as it is the only oriole on the island of Sao Tome.
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White-eared Night Heron
Oroanassa magnifica
Rare and elusive night-heron with a bug-eyed, almost “alien,” appearance. Highly localized, seldom encountered far from its nesting colonies and roost sites. Black above with gray streaking on the chest and a clean white-and-orange head pattern, though this can be hard to see in poor lighting. Forages quietly in well-shaded forest streams, but most reliably seen in its small breeding colonies, usually hidden deep in a stand of bamboo or evergreen trees.
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