Turquoise Cotinga

Large, big-billed vanga with white underparts. Males have a black hood, and females only a black cap. Rare Madagascar endemic that is found very locally in dry deciduous forest in the north and northwest. Can be found solo or in pairs, sometimes in flocks with other vangas. Most common vocalizations are long, penetrating whistles and a short scold. Separated from Lafresnaye’s and Pollen’s Vangas by range. Separated from Madagascar Cuckooshrike by much larger bill and white rather than gray underparts. 

Medium-sized, grayish flycatcher, commonly encountered in the canopy of tall forest. One of the more prominent Austral migrants in South America, with the bulk of the population moving into the Amazon basin during the Austral winter, becoming a common sight from canopy towers. During the Austral summer, it prefers deciduous and semi-humid forests. Size, overall grayish coloration, darker cap and eyeline, and brownish tinge on the back make this species easy to identify. Generally quiet for a flycatcher; its high-pitched, buzzy song is mostly heard on the breeding grounds.

Medium-sized brownish wader with a white belly, varied pale spotting and spangling on back. In flight shows plain upperwings, square white rump patch. Legs greenish yellow. Breeds in bogs and marshes in open coniferous and mixed forests. Migrants and wintering birds occur in varied wetland habitats, especially with grassy and other vegetation cover. Walks in shallow water, picking with its bill. Mainly found as singles or small flocks, not mixed with other species. Bobs tail when nervous, but not habitually like Common Sandpiper.