Red-faced Woodland-Warbler

Large, plain montane cisticola. The most outstanding aspects of the plumage are a reddish cap and two bands across the tip of the tail, one pale and one black. Found in open montane habitats with thick herbaceous undergrowth, including forest edge, grassland, and heath. Almost always in pairs or small groups. The distinctive song is given in chorus: a frantic up-and-down series of scratchy notes. As with other cisticolas, habitat and vocalizations are important to identification. Fairly similar to Singing Cisticola, but lacks a rufous panel in the wings.

Tiny, rare hawk of mid-elevation cloud forest. Black upperparts and crown are separated by white band on back of neck, which can be indistinct and hard to see in the field. Underparts are white with broad, dark barring; also note dark comma-shaped blotch on side of neck. Immatures are tinged brown or rusty, with tan or buff neck band. Easily mistaken for Tiny Hawk, which occurs mainly at lower elevations; Semicollared has broader and more diffuse bars on underparts and more prominent neck markings. Typically stays inside forest, hunting small birds; occasionally soars.

Distinctively colored hummingbird restricted to treeline forest and scrub in the Andes of northern and central Peru. No other small hummingbird in its range has coppery plumage; also note the green throat (indistinct on female), short bill, and white spot behind the eye. Tail is faintly greenish underneath and bluish on top. Perches atop bushes when not feeding, and quickly chases away other intruding hummingbirds while giving rapid, high-pitched squeaks.