Red-rumped Cacique

A large uniform chestnut finch with a robust pink-horn bill. Endemic to São Tomé and very rare; once thought to be extinct. Found singly and in pairs in primary and secondary forest in remote highlands where good habitat persists. Prefers the middle levels of the forest, but is also occasionally encountered on the ground. Loud human-like whistles, upslurred and high-pitched, “weeeooo” or “wheeet-wheeeoo,” are often the first sign of its presence. The Principe seedeater is much smaller and duller in coloration than Sao Tome Grosbeak. 

Unusual and pretty member of the waxbill family. Shows fine olive-green barring below, yellow edges to the wing feathers, and red on the tail. Generally scarce and inconspicuous. Found in the understory of moist habitats, including miombo and other lush woodland, and in forest edge. Usually seen singly or in pairs. Calls include inconspicuous “tew”, “tip”, and rasping notes. Similar to Green-winged Pytilia but found in moister habitats and separated by finer barring below, yellow wing edges, and different pattern of red on the face of the males.

Fairly common in desert lowlands, favoring agricultural fields, weedy and grassy areas, and brushy hedgerows; often sings from prominent perches such as utility wires. Note small size but with a very stout, stubby bill. Male plumage variable; clean whitish and slate-gray overall with dark rusty chin in full breeding plumage, but often messy and mottled. Female is drab pale buffy with a streaked back; note her big, stubby pinkish bill.